Nutec Bickley developed this concept and has delivered over 500 Carbell® kilns to a variety of ceramic product manufacturers worldwide. The downdraft exhaust design provides for excellent temperature uniformity, atmosphere control as well as easy integration of afterburners and heat recuperators. Carbell® kilns are built in sizes of 1 to 40+ m3 (35 to 1400+ ft3) and can be fired up to 1800°C (3272°F). The absence of a door (an efficient seal is designed into the car / bell interface) makes this a very low maintenance design. Although initially designed for high temperature operation, many customers also choose this design for lower temperature firing taking advantage of the low maintenance requirements and excellent controllability.