Carbell® kiln

Experience the innovation and performance of our Carbell® Kilns

Carbell® Kilns

One of our most innovative designs is the Carbell® Kilns The success of this design made it a standard kiln within the ceramic industry with worldwide popularity and it is still used today in industries right across the world.

Carbell® Kilns are also referred to Top Hat kilns, but they were developed initially by NUTEC Bickley who trademarked the Carbell® name. The industrial Kiln is lifted vertically clear while kiln cars are loaded and unloaded on rails. Once loaded, the kiln is lowered down onto the cars; when the bell is fully lowered, a seal blade on the bell structure engages the sand seal trough around the perimeter of the car.

Nutec Bickley developed this concept and has delivered hundreds of Top hat kilns to a variety of ceramic product manufacturers worldwide. The Carbell kiln is designed for a stable and repeatable seal between the kiln and kiln car, while providing a strong and robust structure for refractory insulation.

The blade is made of alloy steel and is water cooled, providing a robust and durable seal mechanism. When the kiln is down and sealed, the temperature is increased to top temperature and down again following a set cycle automatically.

The Carbell® Kilns is designed for a stable and repeatable seal between the kiln and kiln car, while providing a strong and robust structure for the refractory insulation. This is essential for firing at high temperatures but is also beneficial at lower temperatures since the industrial kiln seal is more reliable than a shuttle style of door seal.

The combination of improved sealing, burner arrangement and downdraft design results in the best possible temperature uniformity for a batch type kiln of this size.

carbell kilns for abrasive wheels
Carbell Kilns for Abrasive Wheels
top hat kilns for technical ceramics
Carbell kiln for Technical Ceramics
carbell kilns for refractories
Carbell Kiln for Refractories
top hat kilns for refractories
Carbell Kiln for Refractories
carbell kilns for zirconia
Carbell Kiln for Zirconia

Carbell® Kilns Downdraft Ventilation

The exhaust of the Carbell kiln is a downdraft design through one or more flues in the car(s). The underfloor flue aligns with the car flues when positioned under the bell. This underfloor flue is connected to an exhaust fan that controls the pressure inside the industrial kiln. Automatic pressure control is achieved by varying the speed of the fan and is crucial for achieving fully optimized industrial kiln temperature control.

As the combusted gases exit the burner ports and lose their velocity, they are pulled through the load towards the car flue(s). This creates excellent temperature uniformity throughout the firing load. Furthermore, once the burner gas is turned off during the cooling stage of the cycle, the burner air continues to exhaust through the load, thereby promoting more uniform and controllable cooling by ‘scrubbing’ heat out of the load.

Our more than 50 years of experience designing and engineering kilns to fire a wide range of ceramic products and advanced materials gives us the knowledge to help you find the optimum solution for your needs.

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General Specifications

Dimensions
1m³ to 40m³ (35ft³ to 1,400ft³)
Temperature
Up to 1,800°C (3,270°F)
Insulation
Fiber construction up to 1,600°C (2,900°F), insulating refractory brick up to 1,800°C (3,270°F)
Power Source
Natural gas, LPG, diesel, kerosene, other liquid fuels. Electric configurations available

Advantages of our top hat kiln

Temperature Uniformity: Downdraft exhaust design for excellent temperature uniformity and faster heating and cooling rates.
Scalability: Easy integration of afterburners (incinerators).
Easy Maintenance: Robust, low-maintenance seal between industrial kiln and car using a water-cooled alloy steel blade.
Sustainability: Atmospheric control (oxidizing and excess fuel).
Flexibility: Pressure control easily varied during binder burnout, sintering and cooling stages of the cycle.
Versatility: Carbell® Kilns operation can be designed to use multiple cars that can be simply shuttled to and from the bell location. This makes re-firing the industrial kiln quicker and more productive than a single car use.
Performance: Burners are typically positioned at the corners of the Carbell® Kilns for small and medium sizes. For larger sizes, the burners can be arranged in firing lanes in order to maintain the ideal operational performance.
Energy Savings: Energy recovery system as part of the Carbell® Kilns design, produces pre-heated combustion air up to 425°C (800°F). This gives up to a 30% improved fuel consumption. Burners are typically positioned at the corners of the Carbell kiln for small and medium sizes. For larger sizes, the burners can be arranged in firing lanes in order to maintain the ideal operational performance.

Download the resources related to our Top Hat Kilns

Carbell Kiln® data sheet

Download data sheet

Learn about our solutions for the ceramics industry

Download catalogue

Why choose Nutec Bickley when buying a Top Hat Kiln?

All of our Carbell kilns are manufactured completely in our facilities before being split down into sections for shipping. This ensures a rapid and problem-free installation.
The best temperature uniformity in the market.
Integrated combustion and control system which varies the atmosphere inside the kiln, using excess air only when the product requires it, making the Carbell kiln very efficient.
Nutec Bickley's ‘Floating Anchor Refractory Support System’ which allows expansion and contraction movement of the refractory wall parallel to the steel casing, but keeps the refractories from moving away from the frame, providing for a longer service life.
The Carbell kiln’s design provides for easy integration of afterburners and heat recovery equipment.
Nutec Bickley's Carbell kiln design is unrivaled for temperatures above 1,600°C (2,910°F).
Power Failure Protection System (PFPS) maintains the tunnel kiln alight up to 1 minute in case of a power outage.
Network connectivity capable of live technical support and troubleshooting for faster and less expensive service.
Over 60 years’ experience as the original designer of the Carbell in 1958. Many of the earlier built Carbells are still in operation today.
Lifting system is designed to include safety features such as temperature interlock, pressure relief and water-based hydraulic fluids.

Why use a bell kiln for firing Ceramics?

The sealed design and uniform heat distribution of bell kilns (also known as top hat kilns) ensure consistent results for both small, dense loads and large, heavy parts. The downdraft exhaust design delivers rapid heating and cooling cycles that allow faster turnaround and adaptable production schedules. Special atmosphere treatments can be accommodated.Bell kilns really come into their own at operational temperatures between 1400°C (2550°F) and a maximum of 1800°C (3270°F) and are particularly well suited for the firing of:

Abrasives
Technical Ceramics
Porcelain Insulators
Refractories
Semiconductor Ceramics
Ceramic Colors
Advanced Materials (e.g. rare earth)

Energy efficiency and smooth, vibration-free operation make bell kilns reliable for demanding applications. NUTEC Bickley offers unmatched experience with this design, having built its first Carbell® kiln in 1958 – hundreds are in operation across the world. We can help optimize productivity, quality, and process control for your specific needs with the bell kiln option.Reach out to our team to discuss a bell kiln solution tailored to your production requirements. Contact us here!

Carbell kiln / top hat kiln benefiting from the best technology

With our SCADA systems, Carbell kiln operators are able to have complete control of their firing process, enhancing efficiency and productivity. Our latest Industry 4.0 developments integrate the latest technology to not only monitor the process, but also to keep the industrial kiln operating at peak performance with smart maintenance technology.

All the data generated during the firing process is stored in our SCADA system, which is then used to generate reports, graphs and intelligence data, to help customers in their decision making process.

Carbell kiln technology

SCADA

SCADA

With our SCADA systems, kilns operators are able to have complete control of their firing process, enhancing efficiency and productivity.

Learn more about SCADA
IMPS

IMPS™

NUTEC Bickley’s unique firing and cooling pulsing control system provides a perfect solution in relation to temperature uniformity as well as fuel efficiency.

Learn more about IMPS™

Jointless® Insulation

NUTEC Bickley’s patented ceramic fiber Jointless® modules provides for minimal maintenance, enhanced fuel economy and extended service life.

Learn more about Jointless® Insulation
Industries where Carbell kilns are used

Brick

Insulators

Semiconductor Ceramics

Oil & Gas Ceramics

Advanced Materials (Rare Earth)

Processes where Carbell kilns are used

Ceramic Powders & Coatings

Pharmaceutical Ceramics

Electrical Power Ceramics

Kiln Furniture

Debinding

Binder Burnout

Related Services

Spare Parts

NUTEC Bickley provides the best Spare Parts brands for industrial furnaces, kilns and other equipment, with the highest quality components in the combustion and control areas.

Learn more about our Spare Parts catalog
Refacciones

Maintenance Policies

NUTEC Bickley provides Maintenance Policies for industrial furnaces all over the world. Our commitment is to keep your combustion systems in the best possible operating condition with periodic reviews and a process of continuous improvement.

Learn more about our Maintenance Policies

Related Resources

Frequently asked questions about our Carbell kilns

What is a carbell kiln / top hat kiln?

Carbell® Kilns, also referred to as Top Hat kilns, is designed for a stable and repeatable seal between the kiln and kiln car, while providing a strong and robust structure for the refractory insulation.

What key features contribute to the performance and quality of our bell kilns?

  • With nearly 50 years’ experience in the field of bell kilns, NUTEC Bickley delivers not only highly reliable and efficient systems, but also full turnkey support—from design and installation to startup. 
    • NUTEC Bickley’s bell kilns (top hat kilns) stand out for their ability to combine precision, flexibility, and high levels of energy efficiency. 
    • With custom design, they can be configured with gas or electric heating, multiple temperature zones, and advanced atmosphere control—ensuring repeatable and certified results for ceramics, metals, and specialty glass applications.
    • Beyond heating performance, our kilns integrate features that optimize production flow, such as automated multi-car systems (these can be shuttled to and from the bell location), accelerated cooling options, and complete process control with data recording. This guarantees both operational efficiency and compliance with the most demanding industry standards.
    • Our integrated energy recovery system produces preheated combustion air up to 425°C (800°F), and this can result in anything up to a 30% reduction in fuel consumption.

This is Nutec  Bickley

Providing Thermal Equipment Solutions that go beyond expectations

We serve multiple industries through the design, building and installation of combustion systems, thermal insulation and highly specialized industrial furnaces, kilns and ovens. We are focused on understanding our customers’ needs and supplying the best equipment at the most competitive price. 

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